Physical theories of cell mechanics

Duration: 1 hour 14 mins

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Description:	Safran, S (Weizmann Institute of Science) Tuesday 14th July 2015, 10:30 - 11:30


Created:	2015-07-15 19:02
Collection:	Coupling Geometric PDEs with Physics for Cell Morphology, Motility and Pattern Formation
Publisher:	Isaac Newton Institute
Copyright:	Safran, S
Language:	eng (English)


Abstract:	Co-authors: Ohad Cohen (Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel), Kinjal Dasbiswas (Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel), Xinpeng Xu (Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel) Cell contractility at either the coarse-grained level of an entire cell or at the sub-cellular level of individual acto-myosin fibers, can be understood using the concept of elastic force dipoles. These dipoles interact via their mutual deformations of the surrounding visco-elastic medium which can be either the extra-cellular matrix (in the case of cells modeled as force dipoles) or the internal, cellular cytoskeleton (in the case of acto-myosin fibers within the cell). The theory of these elastically mediated interactions combined with the unique "living" nature of cells (implying that the activity of these dipoles is non-equilibrium and energy consuming) allows us to understand the organization and order of acto-myosin fibers within the cytoskeleton of a single cell or among contractile cells in systems of non-motile and adherent cells. We present the general theory of elastic interactions in the context of acto-myosin activity with examples that demonstrate its utility in understanding experiments on cytoskeletal alignment in stem cells that differentiate into muscle cells, the structure and beating of cardiomyocytes, very long-ranged cell-cell interactions in fibrous elastic matrices, and elastically controlled diffusion of biomolecules that trigger development in embryos. Related Links http://www.weizmann.ac.il/fluids/Safran/publications.html - Safran Publications

Abstract:

Co-authors: Ohad Cohen (Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel), Kinjal Dasbiswas (Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel), Xinpeng Xu (Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel)
Cell contractility at either the coarse-grained level of an entire cell or at the sub-cellular level of individual acto-myosin fibers, can be understood using the concept of elastic force dipoles. These dipoles interact via their mutual deformations of the surrounding visco-elastic medium which can be either the extra-cellular matrix (in the case of cells modeled as force dipoles) or the internal, cellular cytoskeleton (in the case of acto-myosin fibers within the cell). The theory of these elastically mediated interactions combined with the unique "living" nature of cells (implying that the activity of these dipoles is non-equilibrium and energy consuming) allows us to understand the organization and order of acto-myosin fibers within the cytoskeleton of a single cell or among contractile cells in systems of non-motile and adherent cells. We present the general theory of elastic interactions in the context of acto-myosin activity with examples that demonstrate its utility in understanding experiments on cytoskeletal alignment in stem cells that differentiate into muscle cells, the structure and beating of cardiomyocytes, very long-ranged cell-cell interactions in fibrous elastic matrices, and elastically controlled diffusion of biomolecules that trigger development in embryos.
Related Links

http://www.weizmann.ac.il/fluids/Safran/publications.html - Safran Publications

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